The Difference Between Ammonia and Monoethanolamine:

Is It A Safer Alternative?

In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the potential health and environmental effects of chemicals used in the hair industry, because of this many chemical manufacturers have created new chemical mixtures that have removed ammonia from their chemical mixtures, and many companies then market their chemical mixture, as non-toxic, or low-toxic, or ammonia-free.

It's important to note that the product is still hazardous. Many stylists buy the chemical at the hair supplier based on the assumption that because it doesn't have ammonia in the chemical it is now a safer product, a natural substance they can use on clients without toxic chemical repercussions.

So if the product still creates a chemical reaction resulting in similar results to ammonia what is the chemical they replaced ammonia with that barely smells?

A few chemical manufacturers have chosen MEA as a replacement for ammonia. MEA has significantly less odor and many stylists that are new to handling and working with it sometimes bring the bowl right up to their nose, mouth, and eyes and sometimes also the clients to demonstrate how little smell it has...

"Smell it, it's got no fumes!"

(Eeek I'm guilty! In the past when I was working with this chemical I did the same thing and I observed others doing this too)

While ammonia has been widely used, there is an increasing trend towards seeking alternatives due to its strong odor and potential health risks. However, it is essential to understand that not all chemical replacements are created equal. In this article, we will explore the difference between ammonia and monoethanolamine, shedding light on the potential risks associated with alternative options.

Ammonia: The Traditional Choice

Ammonia has been a long-standing ingredient in hair coloring products due to its effectiveness in opening the hair cuticle and allowing color to penetrate deeply. It is a volatile and pungent gas, which is responsible for the strong odor commonly experienced during salon visits. However, concerns have arisen regarding the potential health effects caused by prolonged exposure to ammonia.

Monoethanolamine (MEA): An Alternative Approach

MEA has emerged as a popular alternative to ammonia in the hair industry. It is a colorless liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor. MEA works by gently opening the hair cuticle, enabling the color to bond with the hair shaft. Over time and with additional use some have reported hair turning brittle. Hair products containing MEA are often marketed as ammonia-free, which seems appealing to health-conscious individuals.

The choice between these two ingredients often depends on the desired result and the condition of the client's hair.

Ammonia is more potent and can achieve more dramatic color changes, while MEA is gentler initially, many have observed that it makes the hair brittle over time, and may be less effective for certain coloring needs. It's important for hairstylists to understand these differences to choose the best product for their client's needs while ensuring hair health and safety.

Understanding The Hidden Risks

While the shift towards ammonia alternatives may seem promising, it is crucial to recognize that not all replacements have undergone extensive studies regarding their effects on health and the environment. Some chemical substitutes, including certain MEA formulations, may pose greater risks than traditional ammonia-based products.

MEA Considerations

Limited Research: One of the key concerns is the lack of comprehensive studies on the long-term effects of MEA-based products. While ammonia has been widely researched, the same cannot be said for many of its alternatives.

Potential Health Risks: MEA, like ammonia, is an alkaline substance. While it may be less volatile and have a milder odor, it still possesses the potential to cause scalp and skin irritation, allergies, and respiratory issues. Additionally, certain MEA formulations may be more harmful than others, making it challenging to generalize the safety of all ammonia alternatives.

Reproductive: Reproductive risks associated with MEA exposure have been studied in various contexts, including occupational settings and animal models. It is important to note that these studies may not represent the full scope of all potential risks, as research in this area is ongoing and findings can vary.

Some studies suggest that exposure to high concentrations of MEA may have adverse effects on reproductive health, including potential risks to fertility and pregnancy outcomes. For instance, occupational exposure to elevated levels of MEA has been associated with menstrual disorders and decreased fertility in female workers. Additionally, animal studies have indicated that MEA exposure during pregnancy may lead to developmental abnormalities in offspring.

However, it is essential to consider that the risk level can depend on factors such as the concentration and duration of exposure. Regulatory bodies, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), have established guidelines and regulations to ensure the safe handling and use of MEA in various industries.

To obtain specific and up-to-date information on reproductive risks associated with MEA, I recommend consulting reputable sources such as the National Health Library or contacting a healthcare professional or toxicologist who can provide you with more comprehensive and accurate information tailored to your specific concerns.

Ammonia Considerations

Exposure Levels: The level of exposure to ammonia is a critical factor. In a salon environment, exposure is generally through inhalation and occasional skin contact. The concentration of ammonia in hair dyes and other salon products is usually lower than the levels known to cause severe health issues. However, prolonged or repeated exposure to even these lower levels can pose risks.

Reproductive Risks: There is limited direct evidence linking ammonia exposure to specific reproductive risks in humans. Some animal studies suggest that very high levels of ammonia exposure may lead to reproductive harm, but these studies involve levels of exposure much higher than what would typically be encountered in a salon setting.

Pregnancy: Pregnant salon workers should exercise extra caution. While direct evidence of ammonia causing reproductive harm in humans is limited, it's generally advisable for pregnant workers to minimize exposure to chemical agents, including ammonia, as a precautionary measure.

Safety Measures: Proper ventilation is crucial in salons to minimize inhalation risks. Using personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks, and following safe handling guidelines can also reduce exposure.

Regulations and Recommendations: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and other regulatory bodies provide guidelines on permissible exposure limits for ammonia and other chemicals. Following these guidelines is essential for ensuring safety in the workplace.

Environmental Impact: Ammonia is known to be harmful to aquatic life and ecosystems when released into water bodies. While MEA is generally considered less harmful, there is limited information available on its environmental impact, especially when used in combination with other chemicals.

Making Informed Choices:

In the pursuit of healthier and more environmentally friendly hair products, it is important to understand the potential risks associated with chemical replacements. While ammonia has its drawbacks, MEA and other alternatives may not necessarily be the perfect solution. It is crucial to consider the specific formulation, conduct thorough research, and prioritize products that are backed by scientific studies and certifications.

MEA Uses Across Industries

Monoethanolamine (MEA) has various applications across different industries. Here are some common uses of monoethanolamine:

1. Personal Care Products: MEA is used in cosmetics, skincare, and hair care products. It acts as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and surfactant, helping to stabilize formulations and improve their texture. MEA is often found in shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, and styling products.

2. Gas Treating: MEA is widely used in gas treating processes, particularly in natural gas purification. It is effective in removing acidic gas components, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), from natural gas streams.

3. Detergents: MEA is utilized as a surfactant in detergents and cleaning products. It helps to reduce surface tension, allowing water and oil to mix more readily and enhance the cleaning performance of the product.

4. Agricultural Chemicals: MEA is used in the formulation of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. It acts as a solvent, stabilizer, and pH adjuster to enhance the effectiveness and shelf life of these agricultural chemicals.

5. Metalworking Fluids: MEA is incorporated into metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants, to improve their lubricating properties and prevent corrosion.

6. Pharmaceutical Industry: MEA has applications in the pharmaceutical field. It is used as an intermediate in the production of various drugs and medications.

7. Textile Industry: MEA is utilized in textile processing as a neutralizing agent and buffer solution during dyeing and printing processes.

It's worth noting that the specific use of MEA can vary depending on the industry and product formulation.

Ammonia and monoethanolamine are both used in hair coloring products, but they serve different purposes and have distinct properties:

Monoethanolamine may be confused with monoethylene.

Monoethylene Glycol

Use in Hair Care: This chemical is not typically used in hair care products. Monoethylene glycol is better known as one of the primary ingredients in antifreeze and industrial solvents.

Properties: It is a type of alcohol with various industrial applications, including as a coolant and antifreeze in cars, as well as in the production of polyester fibers.

It's important to note that these two substances serve very different purposes and are not interchangeable. Ammonia's use in hair care is well-documented and is specifically tailored for hair dyeing purposes, whereas monoethylene glycol is not suitable for hair care and is used in completely different industries, but this doesn't mean you may not come across it at some point in hair care. If you note that in a chemical line, it is best to not work with it until you have verified the chemical manufacturer's MSDS, and safety recommendations.

Always ensure that the correct chemical is being used for its intended purpose, especially in a salon setting where the health and safety of clients are paramount

As the demand for safer and more sustainable hair products continues to grow, it is essential to critically evaluate the potential risks and benefits of alternative options. While ammonia has long been a staple in the hair industry, the rise of ammonia alternatives, such as monoethanolamine, presents a new challenge to navigate for salons and stylists, because they are in effect working with a chemical product that has little research around its use for the salon industry. It is vital to recognize that not all chemical replacements have undergone sufficient research to fully understand their impact on health and the environment before they go to market. Making informed choices and seeking products backed by reliable studies will help ensure the well-being of both consumers and the planet.

Did you know chemical makers may classify their chemicals as cosmetic and therefore are under no obligation to label their products or share any of their ingredients and impacts of such?

More about that in the next article.

Hair hugs for you!

xx Whit